Which methodology is characterized by generating theories from data through coding and categorization?

The methodology characterized by generating theories from data through coding and categorization is grounded theory. This approach is unique in its emphasis on developing new theories based directly on the data collected from participants. Researchers begin with little to no preconceived hypotheses and allow patterns and themes to emerge from the data. Through systematic coding and categorization, they identify key concepts and relationships, ultimately leading to the formulation of a grounded theory that is deeply rooted in the actual data rather than existing literature or prior theories.

Grounded theory is particularly distinct in that it is iterative: data collection and analysis occur simultaneously, allowing researchers to refine their inquiries and focus areas based on early findings. This adaptability enhances the depth and relevance of the resulting theory, making it a powerful tool in qualitative research, especially in fields like clinical psychology where understanding lived experiences is crucial.

In contrast, methodologies such as framework analysis or interpretative phenomenological analysis focus more on analyzing existing frameworks or interpreting individual experiences rather than developing new theories from the data. Case study analysis typically involves in-depth exploration of a single instance or case rather than generating broader theoretical constructs. Thus, while all methodologies contribute valuable insights to qualitative research, grounded theory specifically aligns with the process of theory generation from data through coding and categorization.