Which belief holds that people's senses provide direct awareness of the external world?

Naive realism is the belief that people perceive the world around them directly through their senses, suggesting that our sensory experiences provide an accurate representation of reality. This perspective posits that the objects we see, hear, and otherwise sense exist independently of our perception of them, and it aligns with a common-sense understanding of reality. Essentially, naive realism assumes that if we are able to perceive something through our senses, then it is a true reflection of the external world, without any influence from cognitive processes or biases.

This belief contrasts with other philosophical positions. For example, critical realism acknowledges that while there is a reality independent of our perceptions, our understanding of that reality is mediated by our perceptions and social contexts. Idealism posits that reality is mentally constructed or immaterial, meaning it depends on our thoughts and perceptions rather than existing independently. Constructivism suggests that individuals construct their own understanding of the world based on their experiences, emphasizing the role of social contexts and interactions rather than direct sensory input.

By understanding naive realism, one grasps a foundational perspective in psychology that is significant when considering how perception influences behavior and cognition. This is particularly relevant for those pursuing advanced research in clinical psychology, where understanding the nuances of perception can inform therapeutic practices and interventions.