What term refers to a variable that provides a causal link between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

The term that describes a variable providing a causal link between an independent variable and a dependent variable is the mediator variable. A mediator variable helps to clarify the process through which an independent variable influences a dependent variable by identifying and explaining the mechanism or pathway of that effect.

For example, if researchers find that an increase in a training program (independent variable) leads to enhanced performance (dependent variable), a mediator variable might be the increase in motivation measured among participants due to the training. Here, motivation explains how the training influences performance.

This concept is crucial for understanding complex psychological processes and relationships between variables, as it helps researchers identify the underlying mechanisms rather than just the presence of a relationship.

Other terms such as moderator, independent, and dependent variables serve different roles in research. A moderator variable influences the strength or direction of the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable but does not explain the process behind the relationship. The independent variable is the one manipulated or controlled by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the outcome measured after the manipulation.