What term describes the philosophical perspective that one can use empirical evidence to evaluate different interpretations of reality?

The term that best describes the philosophical perspective of using empirical evidence to evaluate different interpretations of reality is critical realism. Critical realism acknowledges the existence of a reality independent of our perceptions but maintains that our understanding of that reality is influenced by our experiences, social contexts, and interpretations. This perspective allows for a nuanced examination of various interpretations and theories, emphasizing that while empirical evidence is crucial, it does not provide a complete view of reality on its own. Instead, it encourages critical examination and dialogue among differing viewpoints, facilitating a deeper understanding of complex issues.

Other options present different perspectives. Naive realism assumes that perception is an accurate representation of reality, lacking the critical evaluation of interpretations. Realism in general suggests a belief in an objective reality but does not necessarily emphasize the evaluation of interpretations through empirical evidence. Idealism posits that reality is mentally constructed and focuses more on ideas than on empirical observations. Each of these philosophies does not fully capture the critical engagement with empirical evidence and interpretation that is central to critical realism.