What is the role of theoretical sampling in qualitative research?

The role of theoretical sampling in qualitative research is centered around selecting cases that are relevant to the developing theory, thereby facilitating an in-depth exploration of specific aspects of a phenomenon. This approach allows researchers to gather rich, contextual data that can contribute to refining or expanding the theoretical framework under investigation.

In theoretical sampling, the selection of participants is not random; instead, it is guided by the needs of the emerging theory, which can change as the research progresses. Researchers may choose cases that are particularly informative or that challenge existing assumptions, enhancing the depth and quality of the analysis.

This method contrasts with random sampling, which aims for a representative sample, and is not focused on theory development. Through theoretical sampling, researchers can delve into specific cases, ensuring that their findings provide meaningful insights pertinent to the theoretical constructs they are examining. This facilitates deeper understanding and enhances the validity of the qualitative research findings, as they are closely linked to the theory being tested or developed.