What is the purpose of random sampling in research?

The purpose of random sampling in research is to ensure that every individual within a population has an equal chance of being selected for participation in the study. This method is crucial for obtaining a representative sample, which allows researchers to generalize their findings to the larger population. By minimizing selection bias, random sampling enhances the validity and reliability of the results. This is particularly important in clinical psychology, where the goal is often to understand trends and behaviors across diverse groups.

In contrast, maximizing the number of participants does not necessarily mean they represent the population effectively, as it may involve biased selection methods. Selecting specific individuals with prior knowledge could introduce bias and prevent the research from being truly random. Similarly, gathering qualitative data from selected groups does not align with the purpose of random sampling since it focuses on specific, non-randomized participants rather than ensuring equal chances for all individuals within the target population.