What does "triangulation" refer to in research methodology?

Triangulation in research methodology refers to the use of multiple perspectives, methods, or data sources to verify findings and enhance the credibility and validity of research outcomes. By integrating various forms of data or viewpoints within a study, researchers can cross-check and corroborate results, which helps to reduce biases and provides a more comprehensive understanding of the research question. This approach can involve using different research methods (e.g., qualitative and quantitative), different data collection techniques (e.g., interviews and surveys), or gathering information from various participant groups to address potential gaps or limitations in any single approach. The primary goal of triangulation is to ensure robustness and reliability in findings, reinforcing the overall conclusions drawn from the research.