What does Levene's test assess in a data set?

Levene's test is used to assess the homogeneity of variances across different groups or samples in a data set. This means it evaluates whether the variances (the spread or dispersion of data points) are approximately equal for each subgroup being analyzed. This is an important assumption in several statistical tests, such as ANOVA, where the assumption is that the groups being compared have similar variances. When group variances are significantly different, it can impact the validity of the results obtained from these tests.

In contrast, the other options address different statistical concerns. Normality of distribution pertains to whether the data follows a normal distribution pattern, causation between variables involves establishing a direct relationship where one variable influences another, and strength of correlation measures the degree to which two variables are related. Thus, Levene’s test is specifically focused on variance homogeneity, making option B the correct choice.